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Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 70
RAID 5 Arrays
A RAID 5 array is built from a minimum of three and a maximum of sixteen disk drives, and
uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy. Parity data provides data protection,
and striping improves performance.
Parity data is an error-correcting redundancy that’s used to re-create data if a disk drive fails. In
RAID 5 arrays, parity data (represented by Ps in the next figure) is striped evenly across the
disk drives with the stored data.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an
array with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can contain 750 GB of stored
data and 250 GB of parity data, as shown in this figure.
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
1 4 ... P
2 5 ... 748
3 P ... 749
P 6 ... 750
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive RAID 5 Logical Drive = 750 GB plus Parity
Unused Space = 150 GB
- Installation and User’s Guide 1
- Copyright 2
- Trademarks 2
- Disclaimer 2
- Adaptec Customer Support 3
- Canadian Compliance Statement 5
- Contents 6
- Safety Information 10
- Technical Specifications 10
- About This Guide 11
- How to Find More Information 12
- Kit Contents and System 13
- Requirements 13
- Kit Contents 14
- System Requirements 14
- CD drive 15
- About Your RAID Controller 16
- Array-level Features 17
- Adding Enhanced Features 18
- About the Adaptec 4000SAS 19
- About the Adaptec 4800SAS 20
- About the Adaptec 4805SAS 21
- About the Adaptec 2420SA 22
- About the Adaptec 2820SA 23
- About the Adaptec 2130SLP 24
- About the Adaptec 2230SLP 25
- Getting Started 26
- Choosing a RAID Level 27
- Selecting Disk Drives 28
- Selecting Cables 29
- Installation Options 30
- Basic Installation Steps 30
- In this chapter 31
- Before You Begin 32
- Installing the Controller 32
- SATA disk drives attached to 33
- Disk drives on 34
- Controller connected to 34
- Connecting External Devices 35
- Creating a Bootable Array 36
- Setting the Boot Controller 37
- Creating an Array 37
- Making Your Array Bootable 40
- Installing the Driver and an 41
- Operating System 41
- Creating a Driver Disk 42
- Installing with Windows 43
- Installing with Red Hat Linux 43
- Installing with SuSE Linux 44
- Installing with NetWare 44
- Installing with OpenServer 45
- Installing with UnixWare 45
- Installing with FreeBSD 46
- Installing on Windows 49
- Installing on NetWare 49
- Installing on OpenServer 50
- Installing on UnixWare 50
- Installing on Solaris 51
- Installing on FreeBSD 51
- Managing Your Storage Space 52
- About Adaptec Storage Manager 53
- Which Utility Should I Use? 54
- Solving Problems 55
- Troubleshooting Checklist 56
- Silencing the Alarm 56
- Resetting the Controller 58
- SCSI (SAS) 59
- What is SAS? 60
- What’s a Phy? 61
- What’s a SAS Port? 62
- What’s a SAS Address? 62
- What’s a SAS Connector? 62
- What do SAS Cables Look Like? 63
- Backplane Connections 64
- SAS Expander Connections 64
- Understanding RAID 66
- Understanding Drive Segments 67
- RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays) 67
- RAID 1 Arrays 68
- RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays 68
- RAID 10 Arrays 69
- RAID 5 Arrays 70
- RAID 5EE Arrays 71
- RAID 50 Arrays 72
- RAID 6 Arrays 73
- RAID 60 Arrays 73
- Selecting the Best RAID Level 74
- Creating a New Array 76
- Initializing Disk Drives 77
- Rescanning Disk Drives 77
- Managing Existing Arrays 77
- Secure Erasing Disk Drives 78
- Opening a -Select Utility 78
- Applying Changes and Exiting 78
- General Controller Settings 79
- Option Description 80
- Viewing the Event Log 82
- Using the ACU for DOS 83
- Running the ACU Using Scripts 85
- ACU /R <file> 86
- Required 87
- ? Description 87
- HotspareDrives=0:0:0,0:1:0 88
- Type=Volume 88
- Type=RAID1 88
- ACU exits with an error 89
- Keyword Description 90
- ACU Error Codes 91
- Sample Scripts 92
- Running the Menu-based AFU 96
- Running the 97
- Environmental Specifications 103
- DC Power Requirements 103
- Current Requirements 103
- Index ● 105 105
- Index ● 106 106
- Index ● 107 107
- Index ● 108 108
- Adaptec, Inc 109
- 691 South Milpitas Boulevard 109
- Milpitas, CA 95035 USA 109
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